George Catlett Marshall Essay -- essays research papers

George Catlett Marshall George Catlett Marshall served as a representative of the public service from 1939 to 1951, proposed the Marshall Plan, and was awarded the Nobel Prize. From 1924 to 1927, Marshall served in China and then successively as instructor in the Army War College in 1927, as assistant commandant of the Infantry School from 1927 to 1936. In 1936, Marshall was appointed commander of the Fifth Infantry Brigade. I July of 1938, Marshall accepted a position with General Staff in Washington, D. C (The Nobel Foundation 1). In September of 1939, President Roosevelt named George Catlett Marshall as Chief of Staff, which he took command of the army and its air forces on the day war began in Europe (Perkins 210). He became General of the Army in 1944. George Catlett Marshall built and directed the largest army in history. He became responsible for the building, supplying and recruiting over eight and a half million soldiers (The Nobel Foundation 1). Winston Churchill pronounced him â€Å"the true organizer of victory† for his work as trainer, planner, and strategist. Shortly after the war ended, Marshall decided to resign. He resigned in Novemb er of 1945 (Foner and Garraty 702). After his career in military ended, he pursued a diplomatic career. Marshall was sent to China to make peace between the Nationalists and the Communists, but the mission failed. On January 21, 1947, Marshall was named secretary of state (Luce 24). In 1950, after the outbreak of the Korean War, President Truman asked Marshall to return to the government as the head of the Department of defense. Page 2 In that year, Marshall increased the size of the army, promoted a plan for the universal military training, and helped to develop the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (Foner and Garraty 703). As Marshall’s position as chief of staff, he urged military readiness prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. From 1941 he was a member of the policy committee that supervised the atomic studies engaged in by American and British scientists (The Nobel Foundation 1). President Harry Truman had many big decisions to make. Those decisions would greatly affect Americans and people around the world. In one of the most important of Truman’s decisions, he persuaded the American people to act generously to the defeated nations. What he had in mind had never been done before in the history of t... ...han brilliant, but his record of achievement stands almost unequaled. Primarily a military man, he served with immense distinction in other fields, and he had much to do with bringing out many of the distinguished soldiers of the war period,† says Dexter Perkins (Perkins 211). He was not only loved and respected by our nation and world, but also by his family and friends. Before Marshall’s death in Washington, D.C., on October 16, 1959, Winston Page 5 Churchill paid him the following tribute: â€Å"During my long and close association with successive American administrations, there are few men whose qualities of mind and character have impressed me so deeply as those of General Marshal. He is a great American, but he is far more than that. In war he was as wise as understanding in counsel as he was resolute in action. In peace he was the architect who planned the restoration of our battered European economy and, at the same time, labored tirelessly to establish a system of Western defense. He has always fought victoriously against defeatism, discouragement, and disillusion. Succeeding generations must not be allowed to forget his achievements and his example† (The Nobel Foundation 1)

Occurrence Of Malnutrition In Children Health And Social Care Essay

The childhood period is the most of import phase for the overall development during the lifetime. Brain and biological development takes topographic point at this phase Muller and Jahn, 2009. These developments are influenced by sufficient of stimulation and nutrition, and this development affects of build, the immune system, knowledge, every bit good as societal and emotional growing ( Handal et al. 2007 ) . Such development helps to guarantee that each kid reaches his or her possible and is a productive member of society ( Uthman, 2009 ) . When kids waste their early old ages with a decreased sum of motivation, or a less emotionally and physically encouraging environment encephalon development is affected and leads to cognitive, societal and behavioural holds. Many factors can disrupt early kid development such as malnutrition ( WHO, 2009 ) . The nutritionary position of kids is a important presentation of wellness and development ; it is non merely a representation of past wellnes s but an of import index of future wellness ( Subramanyam et al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is one of the of import wellness jobs throughout the universe, peculiarly in developing states ( Sarifzadeh et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition is an of import public wellness job because it leads to increased hazard of decease from infective diseases, more terrible infections and a high cause of mortality, and making extra psychosocial loads ( Jesminet al. 2011 ) . Malnutrition is a status doing scrawny growing, scraggy, and blowing ( Faber et al. 2010 ; Subramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et al.2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ) . Malnutrition can be detected by anthropometric measurings were height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) and weight-for-height ( WHZ ) is measured against a set of WHO child and growing criterions and NCHS/WHO mention ( Hioui et al. 2010 ; Lesiapeto et Al. 2010 ) . Malnutrition degrees are still high in developing states around the universe ( Sunil, 2009 ) , an estimated cachexia 9.8 % , scraggy 17.9 % and stunting 29.2 % ( WHO, 2009 ) , included Indonesia. Harmonizing to the WHO ‘s reported prevalence of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age during the twelvemonth 2007 in Indonesia 19.6 % are scraggy, 40.1 % stunted, 14.8 % showed cachexia and 11.2 % were overweight. Many factors can be associated with the happening of malnutrition in kids. For illustration, inadequate wellness services and an unhealthy environment ( Schoeman et al. 2010 ; Hioui et Al. 2010 ) , socio-cultural environments ( Mashalet al.2008 ; Noughani & A ; Bagheri, 2010 ) , socioeconomic, maternal, and child factors ( Lesiapeto et al.2010 ; Hasselman et al.2006 ) , and socio-demographic factors ( Phengxay et al. 2007 ; Handal et al. 2007 ) . An apprehension of the most of import causes of malnutrition is imperative to be identified and an analysis would so bespeak more specii ¬?cally the type of policies, wellness plans and where resources should be directed to right the root causes of inequality in childhood malnutrition ( Lesiapetoet al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ) .Statement of the jobThere are many factors that can act upon the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are child factors, female parent factors, and family factors.Research aimThe chief aim in this research is to happen out the major factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age.Chapter IIReview of Relevant LiteratureDefinitionMalnutrition is a status manifested by stunting, being scraggy, and blowing if his/her tallness for age ( HAZ ) , weight for age ( WAZ ) and weight for tallness ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergences ( SDs ) below the mention median ( Lesiapeto et al. 2010 ; Sub ramanyam et Al. 2010 ; Uthman, 2009 ; Kandala et Al. 2011 ; Janevic et Al. 2010 ) , inadequacy of protein, energy and other foods and instability between the foods the organic structure needs and the foods it receives ( Muller, 2009 ) . Stunting is characterized by shortness-for-age or step of additive growing deceleration, an index of chronic malnutrition and calculated by comparing the height-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Wasting is a contemplation of a recent and terrible procedure that has led to significant weight loss, normally associated with famishment and/or disease ; calculated by comparing weight-for-height of a kid with a mention population of well-fed and healthy kids ; indicates the acute degree of malnutrition or the current nutritionary position of kids and frequently used to measure the badness of the exigencies because it is strongly related to mortality ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) . Underweight is measured by comparing the weight-for-age of a kid with a mention population of well-fed, composite step that indicates both acute and chronic malnutrition in kids ( Muller and Jahn, 2009 ; Sunil, 2009 ) .Factors act uponing the happening of malnutritionBase on the literature reexamine the factors act uponing the happening malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age are ; Child factors The kid factors are act uponing the happening of malnutrition are suckling, age of the kid, size at birth, sex of kid, hazardous birth interval ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Mother factors The female parent factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are female parent ‘s age, female parent ‘s business, female parent ‘s instruction, and matrimonial position ( Uthman, 2009 ) . Family factors The family factors act uponing the happening of malnutrition are topographic point of abode, part, house sanitation, H2O beginning, and figure of kids in the house ( Uthman, 2009 ) .Research hypothesisIs there any relationship between, kid factors, female parent factors, and family factors with happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age.Research inquiryWhat is the most dominant factor act uponing the happening of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age?Conceptual ModelChild factors:AgeSexual activityBreastfeedingMothers Factors:AgeEducationOccupationFamily Factors:RearingHouse sanitationChild malnutrition:StuntingWastingUnderweightFigure 1. Thesis program conceptual model adopted from UNICEF ( 1997 )Operational definitionMalnutrition in kids is the kid under five old ages of age who has diagnosed malnutrition by Department of Health in West Nusa Tenggara Province. Child factors are the factor in a kids related to age, sex and chest eating of the kids. Mother factors are the factors related to age, instruction, and business of the female parents in the household. Family factors are the factors related to house sanitation and rearing theoretical account in the household.Chapter IIIMethods and ProceduresMethodologyResearch design Research design in this survey is cross-sectional. A cross-sectional survey is one of the most common and well-known survey designs. In this type of research survey, either the full population or a subset thereof is selected, and from these persons, informations are collected to assist reply the research inquiries. The information that is gathered represents what is traveling on at merely one point in clip ( Ollsen and George, 2004 ) . Population and sample Population in this research is households who have kids under five old ages of age in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The focal point samples are households who have kids under five old ages of age with diagnosed malnutrition in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. Sampling technique in this research is utilizing a purposive sample. The sample choice is based on these features: Inclusion Standards Children under five old ages old who live with their household Family who willing to take portion in the survey Family in West Nusa Tenggara Province Sample Size Puting This research will be take topographic point in households at West Nusa Tenggara Province Measurement The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2. , to mensurate the informations about kid factors, female parents factors, and family factors will be utilizing inquirers. Because of this instrument used English linguistic communication, the research worker will interpret and so formalize by transcribers who were expert in both the English and Indonesia languages to guarantee equivalence the instrument in Indonesia linguistic communication. The instrument will be test dependability by utilizing with the similar samples, and guarantee that it is applicable with Indonesian people before roll uping informations. Ethical Consideration Ethical blessing should be granted by KU foremost. Then, a permission to make the research at the provincial and territory wellness offices, community wellness centres and voluntary are required. Participant information sheet ( PIS ) , namelessness, confidentiality, and informed concsent will be used to protect sample and the research worker.Plan for informations aggregationThe information about households who have kids under five old ages of age with malnutrition collected from section of wellness in West Nusa Tenggara Province of Indonesia. The anthropometric information of the kids were assessed utilizing the WHO Anthro package version 3.2.2, and expressed as z-scores for each of the anthropometric indices of malnutrition against both the new WHO child growing criterions and the older NCHS/WHO mention. A kid was defined as stunted, scraggy or wasted if his/her height-for-age ( HAZ ) , weight-for-age ( WAZ ) or weight-for-height ( WHZ ) z-score was more than two standard divergence s ( SDs ) below the mention median. Direct interview with a set of questionnaires will be used to roll up informations from the households related with child factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors.Plan for informations analysisTo measure factors of malnutrition in kids under five old ages of age utilizing multivariate analysis and was performed utilizing Eview 4.0. Eview provide sophisticated information analysis, arrested development, and prediction tools on a Windows base computing machine. The multivariate analysis will take into history the hierarchal relationships between kid factors, female parent ‘s factors, and family factors with kids malnutrition. There will be calculated utilizing logistic arrested development.A survey budgetNo Items Amount/ figure Estimation Price ( in Rupiah ) 1 Paper A4 70 GSM 5 ream @ 50.000 = 250.000 2 Transcript of inquirer 5 @ 100 @ 100 = 50.000 3 Printer ink 4 colourss @ 40,000 = 160.000 4 Transportation fee 2.500.000 5 Small gift for participant 100 @ 10.000 = 1.000.000 Entire 3.960.000 rupiahTimetableActivity 2012 2013 jun July August September October November December January February March April jun July August September Identify the job Find the relevan literature reappraisal Sum up an analyze the literature Start composing proposal Defense proposal Ask for ethical issues Roll uping informations Analyzing informations Write chapter 4 and 5 Thesis defence Prepare for publication

Hawaii Coffee Company Essay

I. Trading Position The company is well known for providing customers with quality grinded coffee in retail grocery format. Customers of the company are stores and coffee shops. The company should maintain this position because it is the most profitable for the company. However, there are also risks in the format. Selling in large packages will generate sales discount that will reduce corporate profit. II. Brand Decisions I believe that the company should maintain the presence of the Royal Kona brand because it means less pressure for the Lion Coffee brand. In other words, the two brands can help each other (financially or strategically) from time to time. III. Discount Selling I do not think it is possible to reduce the amount of discount selling for Lions Coffee Brand because the company sells in retail format where consumers will most likely want to get discounts from large amount of purchase. However, if conditions generate the necessity for such reduction, the price of coffee should be enhanced to cover the discounts given to special customers. This can be performed by using the numbers from previous period. Thus, the increase in price can be matched to the amount of discount given in the last period. There are also variations in the way we eliminate the looses from discount selling. For instance, the price increase could be based on average discount given in the last three years, etc. IV. Expanding to the Mainland Expansion to the mainland could generate enhanced market share if performed diligently. On the other hand, the wrong entry method could generate losses due to poorly calculated investments. First, manager of the expansion project must have thorough understanding on the coffee market in the mainland. A part of this is elaborated in the case study. The market is somewhat different with the Hawaiian market because in the mainland, people prefer to buy coffee beans and grind them in their houses and stores. In Hawaii on the other hand, there are significantly larger portion of the grinded coffee sales. Another difference of the coffee market in Hawaii and in the mainland is the nature of the competition. In Hawaii, the largest competition comes from drug stores and convenience stores. In the mainland on the other hand, competition comes from other coffee-selling companies like Starbucks, etc. In a sense, competition in the mainland exists in wider variation compare to the Hawaiian market. One of the upsides of such an expansion is the generation of additional markets that will relief the pressure from existing markets. Furthermore, the establishment of a presence in the mainland will generate knowledge sharing between the Hawaiian market and its subsidiary in the mainland. On the other hand, the downside of such an expansion is the unprepared system to face a considerably different business environment. The company might have to face considerable challenges from competitors and the increasingly demanding customers in the mainland. V. Starbucks Starbucks as the trendsetter in the coffee industry still have considerable influence for the company. In a sense, all products produced within the industry will be compared to Starbucks coffee. In the light of this condition, it is quite unwise to compete directly with the company. However, recent articles regarding the retail coffee market indicated that there are still plenty of rooms for development. Furthermore, analysts also stated that the retail coffee market has quite a unique appeal for investors. Despite the effects of popularity on sales, consumers of coffee are not ‘fanatics’ like in other industries. In a sense, there are still wide opportunities for development and winning the competition against others if one has the appropriate quality to please visitors (Duffy, 2007). VI. Opportunities and Threats Opportunities for the Hawaii Coffee Company are generated mainly from the nature of the industry which is always on the look for new tastes and new coffee experience. Threats on the other hand, come from the lack of knowledge on how to manage the retail coffee business. Some of the important points that deserve attention in order to avoid threats and generate opportunities include: Â · Designing the business plan One of the most frequent mistakes in managing the retail coffee business that could lead to failure is the lack of flexibility regarding corporate business plan. In a sense, managers should realize that they could never be done with the business plan. There are always little details that require attention and business change. Inability to understand this need is a threat toward corporate long-term survival. Â · Budgeting Studies indicated that 50% of new startups failed in the first three to five years. The reason of this failure is the lack of business expertise and insufficient funding. Therefore, the lack of a sufficient funding is categorized as a considerable threat for the coffee business. Â · Choosing the Location Most business understands that location is a crucial aspect of business endeavor. However, managers in the coffee business should understand that location is a critical determinant for business success or failure. The lack of ability in choosing the right location for business is a notable threat. Â · Understanding the Products Customers in the present day are much more critical than those of the old days. Tastes, cleanliness, quality of services are all under critical observation of visitors. Therefore, present day managers of coffee retailers must understand various aspects that would influence how customers perceived the products and services provided by the company. For instance, health issues are gaining increasing attention, therefore health considerations in designing coffee mixtures is important for business survival. The lack of comprehension toward the products and services offered and their implication to customers is a threat for the retail coffee business (‘Coffee Industry Goes Green’, 2007). Â · Knowing Customers A good product for a single segment could be horrible for other segments. Companies should never generalized their product and hope for a piece of all markets. There is always the need for targeting a certain segment of the market and focuses on developing products and services to meet the preferences of the segment. The lack of knowledge over the targeted segment could be a significant threat for corporate growth and survival. Â · Investing in Barista Barista and waiters are the ones who interact directly with customers. These are the people where managers put their faith upon. If a manager realized this, then he/she should realize the importance of investing into baristas and waiters. Training, bonuses and other types of compensation are important for the business. Ignoring Baristas is a significant threat for success in the retail coffee business.

To what extent are the problems created by rapid recent urban growth in LEDC’s similar to those created by rapid 19th century growth in MEDC’s?

A number of problems in Mexico City have been created by rapid urban growth, some of which are similar to those experienced by the UK in the 19th century, the period of the industrial revolution. Mexico is situated between Belize and the USA; the capital is in the centre of the country and growth is constricted towards the south and west due to high rugged mountains. Mexico City is built on a series of old lakebeds almost 2400m above sea level; the majority of the lakes in the valley were drained by the late 18th century. Although the lakes were drained there is still a store of water underground, this means that the city is sinking by 5-40cm per year. Due to the city being built on relatively unstable grounds, the lake sediments amplify earthquakes experienced in the area. In September 1985 an earthquake caused a death toll of 10,000. With an elevated mountain rimmed basin, Mexico City is prone to temperature inversions where pollutants, particularly from burning fossil fuels are trapped and cannot disperse, this creates a layer of smog over the city. This was a very common occurrence in UK cities of the industrial revolution, for example Manchester. The industrial revolution started in the late 1700's when Richard Arkwright introduced the first mechanical textile machines into factories. Factories were extremely polluting as the machines were run on coal burning fires but at the time this was not seen as a concern as it was a very profitable business making factory owners very wealthy just as landowners were in the rural areas of the UK. Growth of the cities followed the introduction of the factories; mechanisation of farming had caused large unemployment in rural areas. Factories needed a workforce and labourers were paid better in this industry than farming. Later came the introduction of the iron industry creating more work but also more pollution for the cities. Mexico City is in a similar stage as this period of the industrial revolution; over 40,000 factories in the city provide jobs to the population whilst creating this environmental concern in the process. However if Mexico wants to become a stable country, which is sustainable, then it needs to go through this process. Unfortunately now that we no of the problems that pollutants cause it is difficult to watch Mexico do this to the environment. Factors explaining growth of a city can be divided into five main reasons. Firstly economic influence, areas of a city will expand if attractions are in a central location and accessible for services, businesses and shops. The high demand for space in central areas pushes up property and land prices. As businesses increase in size and number the area covered by the CBD will expand, therefore causing residential areas to increase in size, as the workforce of these companies will live nearby. Often people cannot afford to spend a lot of money on travel expenses and therefore will live close to where they work to reduce their costs. This means that you get a high concentration of people living in a specific area. Proximity to certain urban areas can affect where people live. For example, if a polluting factory is opened, it may deter people from living in that area and inadvertently cause an increase in the number of people living somewhere else. Making the problems being experienced here to perhaps become more severe. Secondly, political control, restrictions may be in place to allow growth in some areas but not others, for example a green belt system. The purpose of a green belt is to stop building in that area. Private companies owning land can determine who they sell land to and who they refuse. Redlining areas can be instructed by political bodies to enforce that people do not live in specific areas. Redlining an area can simply be done by not allowing someone to borrow money to buy a house in that area. Thirdly, socio-economic segregation, people often live in areas of similar ethnic groups, life style and family types. For example in Mexico City there are specific areas where the elite live and other areas where the poor live. The elite tend to be found in areas of wealthy suburbanites in the south west of the city where there is the least pollution, furthest from industries with the best commercial services, transport networks and medical and healthcare options. Where as the poorer population live in the northeast close to the industrial areas and CBD where there is the worst pollution and 40-66% live in informal settlements. Fourthly, migration, there are a range of strong push and pull factors to Mexico City from rural areas in Mexico. Approximately 3000 people migrate to Mexico City each day from surrounding states, for example Hidalgo. The push and pull factors can be divided up into economic, political, social and environmental. A political pull factor is that education is more available in the city and older children often can attend whilst younger ones work with parents in the informal sector. Political push factors are that there is a lack of basic services in rural areas, 80% without running water and poor communications and that there has been very little investment in projects benefiting subsistence farmers. An example of an economic pull factor is that relatives already living in the city provide networks of information on employment and accommodation, 44% of migrants rely on help such as this to get them started. Some examples of economic push factors include, unemployment in rural areas, large landowners dominate the land and give few benefits to farmers, and rural farmers have variable yields and cannot afford pesticides. Examples of social pull factors include, lower mortality rates in the city due to more services such as healthcare, glamorised perception of urban life, women are more able to migrate due to greater independence, more opportunities in the city. Social push factors are dominated by the rapid rate of natural increase, which causes stress on the food supplies. There are no environmental pull factors; it is well known that Mexico City has one of the worst pollution records in the world however some rural areas are so dire that it is the only solution. For example 80% of soils are poor and subject to soil erosion and desertification. Finally, natural increase, there is a reduction is the number of people dying and an increase in the number of births, approximately 30/1000 crude birth rate to 10/1000 crude death rate. With the city growing exponentially, being ten times larger than it was in 1940 there are a range of problems that are difficult to avoid in an LEDC. There is no public transport in Mexico City meaning there is 3.5 million privately owned vehicles on the road, this creates congestion throughout the road networks and high levels of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide are released. With the addition of 40,000 factories producing 12,000 tonnes of gases per day, the mixture of pollutants and cool air from the surrounding mountains causes a temperature inversion creating a thick layer of smog over the city that is extremely bad for your health; there is a high incidence of respiratory problems. Similar problems were seen in Manchester in the early 19th century where factory chimneys and domestic coal fires created a permanent blanket of smoke and acid rain creating numerous diseases including bronchitis, influenza, asthma and pneumonia. It has been said that breathing the air in Mexico City is the equivalent of smoking sixty cigarettes a day. In 1994 the World Health Organisation (WHO) declared that the quality of the air in Mexico City was only acceptable on twenty days of the year. Due to the city being built on dried lakebeds where huge amounts of waste matter has been dumped over the years on open sites there are new problems of winds uplifting dust and spreading it over the south east and north east adding to the smog situation. As 99% of lakes in Mexico have been drained it means that water has to be pumped from 150km to supply Mexico City with its requirements, 66,000 litres are consumed per second. In the early 19th century Manchester experienced an extremely rapid increase in population size, while London's population doubled, Manchester's trebled. In 1811 Manchester had a population of 89,068 by 1851 the population had risen to 303,382 people. This created an extreme problem with availability of housing and quality of living standards. Population density was extremely high and many people shared poorly constructed houses with very little sanitation and no water supply. This can be seen in Mexico City today, here the population density has risen to 5487 persons per km2 due to the mass numbers migrating to the city on a daily basis and therefore there is not adequate housing available. This means that shanty towns have developed where people live in shacks constructed from corrugated iron and wood. Where people are living in proper houses it often overcrowded, this is 44% of houses in Mexico City. With a large population comes a large waste disposal crisis; in Mexico City approximately 90% of hazardous waste is release into the sewage systems, which are contaminating the water supply. This has further affect on the population when the water is used on the growing crops. A result of the contamination is that fruit and vegetables contain a high level of lead. Many babies born suffer some problem caused by lead poisoning.

Adolescent Psychological Disorder: Depression Essay

Depression is a common psychological disorder which is more likely to be experienced by young people. Although this psychological disorder could be manifested in all age range, studies show that individuals who are in their adolescence to early adulthood stage have greater tendency to feel depress (Costell, Swendsen & Rose, 173, 2008). This disorder is often accompanied by feelings of sadness, despair or hopelessness which eventually causes a person to become isolated among the other individuals. Several issues regarding the frequency of depression occurrence had been studied by researchers. It is said that the rate of depression is determined by the differences in gender, race and ethnicity. This claim suggests that women are more likely to experience depression than men and the same holds regarding the issue of ethnicity and race. Thus, the whites were less to experience depression than the minority (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1300, 2007). Most of the time sadness and depression is interchangeably used. While it is true that depression is a product of intense sadness, one must know the distinction between these two. As to elaborate a little, the feeling of sadness has less damaging effect and usually last within a short period of time. Individuals learn to let go of this feeling at a much faster phase while people who embrace this feeling for a long time would eventually develop the depression disorder. Two types of depression basically arise, that is, major depression and minor depression (dysthymia). The degree or state of depression varies as an individual ages. The major depression disorder usually last in a short period of time but is basically more severe than the other type. The consequences that depression posed on one’s individuality are essential consideration to be reflected on. Most of these consequences are harmful and can bring damaging effect to the life of an individual thus thorough understanding of this psychological disorder would impose a great advantage. Causes of Depression Occurrence of depression is brought by numerous factors. Events, people, the environment as well as genetic factors contribute to the incidence of depression. In this paper, three causes of depression from different studies conducted would be discussed. Some of these causes of can eventually be modified while some are not liable to change. Nutrition was viewed to have a vital contribution to depression. (Shariatpanaahi et al, 532, 2007). It is established that the mental and cerebral mechanisms are being affected due to nutrient deficiencies therefore resulting to mood disorders including depression. Prevalence of Iron deficiency anemia was viewed to have certain contribution to depression. The study conducted by Shariatpanaahi and his colleagues looked at the association between serum ferritin level and depression. Their study resulted that students who are experiencing depression have lower serum ferritin level than the healthy ones (Shariatpanaahi et al, 534, 2007). With reference to the result generated, lower serum ferritin level which indicates minimal presence of iron in the body was viewed to have a vital role in the brain function and in the establishment of depression. The stressful experience of college freshmen to their new environment inside the learning place could also trigger depression. Being in an unfamiliar environment is a stressful event that brings a sense of discomfort (Dyson and Renk, 1231, 2006). Accompanying this feeling of discomfort is the change on depression symptomatology that they experience. Being in their transition stage towards adulthood, stress and depression were showed to be greatly triggered. Race and ethnicity is also viewed for depressive symptoms to occur. The study conducted by Brown and his colleagues (2007) resulted that different race-ethnic groups (including Hispanics, Asians, Blacks and whites) shows different level of depressive symptoms. In their study, the whites showed the lowest level of such symptoms while the Hispanics and Asians showed the highest. The level of depressive symptoms among the blacks falls between the whites and the two other race-ethnic groups (1300). Explanation for the occurrence of such depressive symptoms are said to be interconnected with the mental health and stressful experiences of these different minority groups. The location or condition of the Hispanics, Asians and Blacks in the society greatly contributes to their depression. Most of these groups, as well as their family, belongs to the lower class in the society thus receiving minimal benefits in terms of health care and tends to dwell in neighborhoods which are characterized as unsafe (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1298, 2007). Upon the exposure of these race-ethnic groups to these conditions, the depression disorder develops and is heightened. Symptoms of Depression Basically the most obvious symptom of depression is an intense feeling of sadness manifested most of the time. Different symptoms are expressed by individuals in different age brackets as well as different instances or conditions of these individuals in the society. Taking in consideration the study conducted by Brown and his colleagues, symptoms of depression manifested by the race-ethnic minority includes anxiety and a sense of inferiority (Brown, Meadows & Elder, 1307, 2007). For new colleges trying to be familiar and adapting to their new environment, behaviors including a depressed mood or sadness most of the time (being away from their parents), irritability, inability to enjoy things and inability to concentrate are apparent (Dyson and Renk, 1234, 2006). Other symptoms that are most likely associated with depression includes withdrawal from friends and family, significant weight loss or gain, change in sleep patterns, pessimism and indifference, feeling tired, feeling numb emotionally and the worst is entertaining the thought of death or suicide. Effects of the Disorder Depression, if not given thorough attention could bring the worst effect to an individual. How an individual responds to the feeling of depression determines the effect of the disorder in his actions (Nolen-Hoeksema, 569, 1991). The feeling of depression is more likely to bring about negative thoughts in an individual’s mind. With these thoughts in mind, negative emotions would also be triggered. Entertaining such thoughts and emotions would bring distraction in one’s health, education, work and relationship with other people. Adolescence performance in school tends to decline as a result of depression (Dyson and Renk, 1234, 2006). Because of their inability to concentrate or focus on the lessons being thought in the learning place, their grades used to decline. Academic failures, school dissatisfaction as well as negative relationship with teachers and other students may take place. Depressed individuals seem to be pre-occupied with their thought of being depressed therefore interfering with their capability to think critically, perform well and socialized with other individuals in the learning place. Such scenario is true in the work place. Because of the disorder, individuals are more likely to be out of focus on their work thus they are more likely to accomplish lesser job (or they do not accomplish anything at all) within a given period. This type of behavior in the workplace would bring unwanted effects on the part of the individual as well as in the company. This could also lead to an individual’s dismissal in the job. Again, such dismissal would only trigger further depression and could bring forth to a worst event. Depressed individuals also shows attitude of wanting to be alone. Sharing one’s frustration (which eventually causes the prevalence of depression) with his family is sometimes hard to do. This ultimately contribute to a reduce interaction and may develop poor family relationship. Sometimes, depressed adolescent causes negative confrontation between parents as well as between siblings. Psychiatric hospitalization can also occur among adolescence if the level of depression is severe (Herman and Ostrander, 484, 2007). Some depressed individuals tend to be engaged in accidents in roads. They tend to drive recklessly thus resulting to several body impairments (Nolen-Hoeksema, 570, 199). Such action of reckless and violent driving is a means to pour out the feeling of depression. However, Nolen-Hoeksema argued that the relief from depression through this action is only for a short run. Coping up with Depression Several therapies and combination of these therapies are being suggested by psychologists as well as doctors to cope up with depression. In the study conducted by Nolen-Hoeksema, 570, 1991), she suggested the used of distractive response as a way to cope up with depression. In this response, adolescence experiencing depression are encourage to draw their attention to other things such as engaging in activity with friends or doing a hobby. In this way, Nolen-Hoeksema hypothesized that an individual would tend be distracted and would somehow overcome his feeling of depression. Guidance and support of family members (especially support from mothers) is also a means to help adolescence to cope up with depression. The multi family group approach (Lemmmens et al, 51, 2007) is greatly encouraged. This approach is concern to provide the needs of the patient and also guides the family to stand the difficulties of depression that are experience by the family as a whole. Fostering interaction between the patient and members of his family would put the patient at ease. Recognizing the fact that his family is there to support him and guide him all through out would lessen his burden and would therefore aid in treating depression. Cognitive therapy was also studied to aid in the treatment of depression (Beevers and Miller, 68, 2005). The result of there study shows that the used of mentioned therapy ‘may help patients to deal more functionally to their negative thoughts. ’ As stated on the discussion regarding the effects of depression, negative thoughts are said to be the driving force in which depression arises. Effectively managing these negative would lessen the occurrence of the disorder. This type of approach or therapy is basically more of prevention rather than treatment. Nevertheless, its efficiency in the control of depression is noteworthy. Conclusion  Depression is brought about by several factors faced by an individual in the society. Although this psychological disorder is somewhat inevitable and is said to be a common disorder, prevention and treatments should be provided. As to any other physical or psychological diseases, severe state of depression could bring unwanted and detrimental effect to the individual himself as well as to other people. Manifestation of symptoms of this psychological disorder must be taken in deep consideration. The stage of adolescence undeniably entails a lot of stress that could somehow cause an individual to incur depression. Adolescents are vulnerable to changes because different emotional as well as physiological activities are happening within their body. It is therefore important to be considerate and out lay the necessary actions to guard the adolescents to the threats of depression. Involvement of parents and other family members in preventing and treating the said disorder is greatly encourage. Other therapies should also be considered as a treatment for this disorder. Thorough understanding of the causes, symptoms and treatments of depression would be of great significant. The harm that this disorder imposes to adolescents is truly alarming. Its effects on the individual’s well-being and activities are disturbing. Psychologists together with other medical researchers are continuously finding ways to lessen the occurrence of this disorder. Thus, in order for their efforts to efficiently work, a collaborative support from the society is needed. The society should not undermine the effects of depression but instead thorough knowledge regarding this disorder as well as the harm that accompanies it must be explained and made clear.

Art in dark, Dark in art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art in dark, Dark in art - Essay Example On the other hand, art may not always be depicted in the same positive scenario. In fact, the opposite side of what is picturesque and ecstatic is shown through bloody images that sometimes evoke negative feelings on those who view the art. Gloomy colors, grotesque bodies, and distorted imagery characterize art in dark. Does art in dark have a place in people’s sight, thoughts, and emotions? Why is there such a thing as dark in art and for what purposes does it serve? During the Late Renaissance period, a distinct type of art emerged in Florence, Rome, Italy and eventually the rest of Europe (Esaak). While it was considered a down time for artists in general, there was a group trained in the ancient styles who focused on a different kind of art that was the exact reverse of those during the High Renaissance. This was aptly called the Mannerism and it showed masterpieces packed with unsettling characters with very long limbs, uncanny emotions and ideas, and conflicting colors. The same could be observed with the nude characters that were modeling strange positions. Mannerism was said to be a mixture of Christianity, Classicism, and mythology. Esaak adds that even Michelangelo himself joined in the craze as a reflection of his adaptability and tendency toward emotional art. Michelangelo typically seem to be a bit uncaring when it comes to his portrayals of human beings. In the modern day era, lots of other artists have delved in the same artistic but pessimistic theme. Some of them have graduated in traditional art schools with flying colors. While they have started out in the mainstream, others became confident enough to express their real emotions in their art. Feelings of fear, emptiness, aggression, confusion, anxiety, anger and defeat surround their art works. Despite this inclination towards art in dark, most of these artists have been successful in their respective fields of endeavor. For instance, Anthony Clarkson, a

School holidays Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

School holidays - Essay Example In order to attend the first Mass, an individual has to be out of bed as early as a quarter to six, in the morning. The first mass usually begins at exactly eight o’clock, and Father Franco is never known to be late for Mass. It was not easy for most of our peers to attend the first Mass because it cut in on their precious holiday sleep, which was a privilege that not many cared to forfeit just to attend the first Mass. Ken and I had different motivators that saw us opt it. During the school holiday, we had a favorite Sunday afternoon activity that involved going swimming at the local sports club where we had the opportunity to interact and socialize with young girls whom we fancied. Getting to the swimming pool early was the best strategy of eliminating competition and getting the best poolside sunbathing spots close to the girls. Additionally, visiting the swimming pool earlier meant that we could not be locked out when the gate is closed to prevent more people from coming in since it had a limited capacity. We lived in a community where skipping church attendance was a taboo because we lived in an extremely strict Catholic society. Everyone had to attend church on Sunday morning before attending to any other activity unless a person was bedridden or incapacitated by a life-threatening situation.